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1. Mechanical factors:
1.1. Vibration caused by the elevator car or counterweight guide rail.
The guide rail installation should meet the requirements: the maximum deviation of the phase-to-phase between the measured values of the vertical line of every 5m of the working surface of each guide rail, the car guide rail and the T-type counterweight guide rail with safety gear shall not exceed 1.2mm, and the safety gear shall not be provided. The T-type counterweight guide rail is not more than 2.0mm; if the main and auxiliary guide rails are not vertical when installed or when they are used for a long time, the wear and deformation of the rail surface will cause the rail joints to be misaligned and the gap between the two working surfaces is too large. If the track is not adjusted or repaired, the surface of the guide rail is twisted, and the guide rail is severely worn, which can cause jitter and noise when the car is running.
1.2. The rail bracket is loose or the rail screw is loose
Each guide rail should have at least 2 guide rail brackets, and the spacing is generally not more than 2.50m (if the spacing is greater than 2.50m, there should be a calculation basis), the number of brackets for the short rails at the end should meet the design requirements; the brackets should be installed firmly, and the brackets should be welded. The welding seam meets the design requirements, and the anchor bolts (such as expansion bolts) can only be used on the concrete members of the hoistway wall; when the guide rail bracket is loose or the rail pressing screw is loose, it will cause the guide rail to intensify wear during the operation of the elevator, and the requirements are up to Less than required, resulting in jitter and noise when the elevator is running.
1.3. The gauge has a large error in the upper and lower parts of the whole journey.
The distance deviation between the top surfaces of the two rows of guide rails is 0～+2mm for the car guide rail and 0～+3mm for the counterweight guide rail. When the distance between the guide rails does not meet the standard requirements, the horizontal shaking during elevator operation will be aggravated, resulting in jitter and noise.
1.4. Poor damping of the traction machine base produces jitter
The traction machine connecting fixing bolts are loose or the damping ring falls off, the fixing bolts are loose, and the elevator moves to cause the car to shake and oscillate. One damping rubber ring falls off. The three rubber rings support the host on the same plane. The elevator produces periodic jitter under the action of the traction force of the machine.
1.5. The gap between the brake shoe and the brake is inconsistent.
The gap between the two sides of the brake car is uneven, and when running, it is rubbed from time to time, and the worn brake skin is inconsistent in the degree of curvature. Friction with the brake shoe during unilateral movement without backlash will cause the car to shake.
1.6. Internal failure of the traction machine
In the reduction box, the gap between the worm wheel and the worm is not suitable or the grinding is not suitable for the traction machine or the bearing in the gear box is poor. The traction machine guide is damaged or severely worn than the shaft pump, which can cause the traction machine, the guide is larger than the bearing clearance, the traction machine or the guide shaft is dynamically unbalanced, or the traction machine gearbox worm and the motor shaft are out of concentricity. Periodic vibration excitation produces elevator jitter.
1.7. The car guide shoe is worn.
The car guide shoe wears severely, the uneven force in the heavy-duty operation causes rubbing, and the guide rail causes the car to shake. Or, due to improper adjustment of the gap of the guide, improper adjustment of the parallelism of the guide, and too large or too small amount of expansion and contraction of the guide will cause jitter.
1.8. Uneven wire rope tension adjustment or inconsistent spring compression at the fixed end cause the car to jitter.
When the torsion of the wire rope is not released, the wire rope tension cannot be adjusted. The wire rope tension is uneven and exceeds the national standard. It is easy to cause the wear of the traction sheave. The wire rope with large force is deeply embedded in the sheave, and the wire rope cannot run synchronously. The slip of the wheel is increased, and the jitter of the wire rope is increased.
1.9. Compensation chain and compensation rope scratches cause car jitter.
The compensation chain and the compensation rope are incorrectly mounted on the counterweight frame, or stretched too long, and scratched to other parts in the hoistway, causing jitter and abnormal noise.
1.10. The wear of the traction sheave rope groove is deformed and uneven.
The rope groove of the traction sheave is severely worn, which will cause the uneven tension of the wire rope and the uneven traction speed, which will cause the elevator to jitter.
1.11. The traction rope has broken strands or the wire rope is severely broken.
When the traction rope has broken strands, there will be a collision between the broken strands of steel wire rope and the rope baffle, which will produce a huge noise, or interfere with other steel wire ropes, resulting in unstable elevator operation.
1.12. Bearings on the car top reverse sheave and counterweight reverse sheave are worn out.
When the bearing on the car top reversing sheave or counterweight reversing sheave is worn out, the elevator will feel like a pause when running at high speed.
1.13. The screws on the car wall, car bottom and car top are loose.
When the elevator is running at high speed, the car has to bear a lot of force. If a component such as the car frame or car wall is not fastened properly, when the elevator is running at high speed, the component is prone to relative displacement, which will cause elevator damage. vibration.
1.14. The traction rope needs to be equipped with a shock-absorbing device.
The method to eliminate the vibration of the wire rope is to clamp several wire ropes with a hard wood at a position 300～500mm above the rope head of the wire rope to improve the resonance or use an iron plate with a length of about 1000mm and a thickness of 10mm to perforate the position of the wire rope. The upper or lower end of the steel cable rod fixes several wire ropes with the iron plate first, and then adjusts the weight of the iron block at both ends of the iron plate to get the best state of eliminating resonance, reducing the vibration amplitude of the wire rope and improving comfort.
1.15. The counterweight frame is twisted and deformed.
Due to the poor stacking of parts, the counterweight frame is distorted and deformed and then installed directly without correction. If the counterweight is not fixed, it will cause jitter or abnormal noise.
1.16. Small safety gear clearance
After the safety gear is operated, the block is not completely reset, and the track is ground during operation.
1.17. There is a foreign body in the hoistway
When the counterweight is running, it collides with foreign objects in the hoistway and is transmitted to the car, causing vibration.
1.18. The hoistway is closed without vents
Generally, the elevator shaft with a machine room is fully enclosed, and the ventilation air flow is all serial from the door gap and the wire rope hole in the machine room. For high-speed elevator shafts, it is recommended to set up vents on the top of the elevator shaft. Because if the net area of the hoistway is small, the hoistway is better closed, and the elevator installation hall door is small, there will be a lot of airflow when the elevator runs, which will easily cause the elevator to vibrate or shake.
1.19. Car balance problem
The dynamic and static balance of the car is not well done. The static balance is to stop the elevator on the bottom floor, remove the guide shoes at the bottom of the car, and see if the car is tilted; the dynamic balance is to cause the guide shoes to rub against the guide rail surface when the elevator is running. There will be a sense of jitter or vibration. Large differences in balance coefficients will also cause poor comfort or jitter during elevator operation.
2. Electrical factors
2.1. The brake circuit cannot be opened or can not be opened completely due to poor contact of the upper and lower running contacts or loose wiring.
2.2. The traction torque of the traction machine fluctuates, the torque adjustment is not good when starting, the torque is too small, and the reverse pull occurs, and the torque is too large, which will cause the car to shake.
2.3. The series impedance of the main drag circuit is not adjusted well, and the jitter is abnormal when the slow car is running.
2.4. There is a fault in the tachogenerator, and the feedback is unstable.
2.5. The feedback adjustment of the DC elevator magnetic cabinet is unstable, and there is a phenomenon of zero float.
1.1. Vibration caused by the elevator car or counterweight guide rail.
The guide rail installation should meet the requirements: the maximum deviation of the phase-to-phase between the measured values of the vertical line of every 5m of the working surface of each guide rail, the car guide rail and the T-type counterweight guide rail with safety gear shall not exceed 1.2mm, and the safety gear shall not be provided. The T-type counterweight guide rail is not more than 2.0mm; if the main and auxiliary guide rails are not vertical when installed or when they are used for a long time, the wear and deformation of the rail surface will cause the rail joints to be misaligned and the gap between the two working surfaces is too large. If the track is not adjusted or repaired, the surface of the guide rail is twisted, and the guide rail is severely worn, which can cause jitter and noise when the car is running.
1.2. The rail bracket is loose or the rail screw is loose
Each guide rail should have at least 2 guide rail brackets, and the spacing is generally not more than 2.50m (if the spacing is greater than 2.50m, there should be a calculation basis), the number of brackets for the short rails at the end should meet the design requirements; the brackets should be installed firmly, and the brackets should be welded. The welding seam meets the design requirements, and the anchor bolts (such as expansion bolts) can only be used on the concrete members of the hoistway wall; when the guide rail bracket is loose or the rail pressing screw is loose, it will cause the guide rail to intensify wear during the operation of the elevator, and the requirements are up to Less than required, resulting in jitter and noise when the elevator is running.
1.3. The gauge has a large error in the upper and lower parts of the whole journey.
The distance deviation between the top surfaces of the two rows of guide rails is 0～+2mm for the car guide rail and 0～+3mm for the counterweight guide rail. When the distance between the guide rails does not meet the standard requirements, the horizontal shaking during elevator operation will be aggravated, resulting in jitter and noise.
1.4. Poor damping of the traction machine base produces jitter
The traction machine connecting fixing bolts are loose or the damping ring falls off, the fixing bolts are loose, and the elevator moves to cause the car to shake and oscillate. One damping rubber ring falls off. The three rubber rings support the host on the same plane. The elevator produces periodic jitter under the action of the traction force of the machine.
1.5. The gap between the brake shoe and the brake is inconsistent.
The gap between the two sides of the brake car is uneven, and when running, it is rubbed from time to time, and the worn brake skin is inconsistent in the degree of curvature. Friction with the brake shoe during unilateral movement without backlash will cause the car to shake.
1.6. Internal failure of the traction machine
In the reduction box, the gap between the worm wheel and the worm is not suitable or the grinding is not suitable for the traction machine or the bearing in the gear box is poor. The traction machine guide is damaged or severely worn than the shaft pump, which can cause the traction machine, the guide is larger than the bearing clearance, the traction machine or the guide shaft is dynamically unbalanced, or the traction machine gearbox worm and the motor shaft are out of concentricity. Periodic vibration excitation produces elevator jitter.
1.7. The car guide shoe is worn.
The car guide shoe wears severely, the uneven force in the heavy-duty operation causes rubbing, and the guide rail causes the car to shake. Or, due to improper adjustment of the gap of the guide, improper adjustment of the parallelism of the guide, and too large or too small amount of expansion and contraction of the guide will cause jitter.
1.8. Uneven wire rope tension adjustment or inconsistent spring compression at the fixed end cause the car to jitter.
When the torsion of the wire rope is not released, the wire rope tension cannot be adjusted. The wire rope tension is uneven and exceeds the national standard. It is easy to cause the wear of the traction sheave. The wire rope with large force is deeply embedded in the sheave, and the wire rope cannot run synchronously. The slip of the wheel is increased, and the jitter of the wire rope is increased.
1.9. Compensation chain and compensation rope scratches cause car jitter.
The compensation chain and the compensation rope are incorrectly mounted on the counterweight frame, or stretched too long, and scratched to other parts in the hoistway, causing jitter and abnormal noise.
1.10. The wear of the traction sheave rope groove is deformed and uneven.
The rope groove of the traction sheave is severely worn, which will cause the uneven tension of the wire rope and the uneven traction speed, which will cause the elevator to jitter.
1.11. The traction rope has broken strands or the wire rope is severely broken.
When the traction rope has broken strands, there will be a collision between the broken strands of steel wire rope and the rope baffle, which will produce a huge noise, or interfere with other steel wire ropes, resulting in unstable elevator operation.
1.12. Bearings on the car top reverse sheave and counterweight reverse sheave are worn out.
When the bearing on the car top reversing sheave or counterweight reversing sheave is worn out, the elevator will feel like a pause when running at high speed.
1.13. The screws on the car wall, car bottom and car top are loose.
When the elevator is running at high speed, the car has to bear a lot of force. If a component such as the car frame or car wall is not fastened properly, when the elevator is running at high speed, the component is prone to relative displacement, which will cause elevator damage. vibration.
1.14. The traction rope needs to be equipped with a shock-absorbing device.
The method to eliminate the vibration of the wire rope is to clamp several wire ropes with a hard wood at a position 300～500mm above the rope head of the wire rope to improve the resonance or use an iron plate with a length of about 1000mm and a thickness of 10mm to perforate the position of the wire rope. The upper or lower end of the steel cable rod fixes several wire ropes with the iron plate first, and then adjusts the weight of the iron block at both ends of the iron plate to get the best state of eliminating resonance, reducing the vibration amplitude of the wire rope and improving comfort.
1.15. The counterweight frame is twisted and deformed.
Due to the poor stacking of parts, the counterweight frame is distorted and deformed and then installed directly without correction. If the counterweight is not fixed, it will cause jitter or abnormal noise.
1.16. Small safety gear clearance
After the safety gear is operated, the block is not completely reset, and the track is ground during operation.
1.17. There is a foreign body in the hoistway
When the counterweight is running, it collides with foreign objects in the hoistway and is transmitted to the car, causing vibration.
1.18. The hoistway is closed without vents
Generally, the elevator shaft with a machine room is fully enclosed, and the ventilation air flow is all serial from the door gap and the wire rope hole in the machine room. For high-speed elevator shafts, it is recommended to set up vents on the top of the elevator shaft. Because if the net area of the hoistway is small, the hoistway is better closed, and the elevator installation hall door is small, there will be a lot of airflow when the elevator runs, which will easily cause the elevator to vibrate or shake.
1.19. Car balance problem
The dynamic and static balance of the car is not well done. The static balance is to stop the elevator on the bottom floor, remove the guide shoes at the bottom of the car, and see if the car is tilted; the dynamic balance is to cause the guide shoes to rub against the guide rail surface when the elevator is running. There will be a sense of jitter or vibration. Large differences in balance coefficients will also cause poor comfort or jitter during elevator operation.
2. Electrical factors
2.1. The brake circuit cannot be opened or can not be opened completely due to poor contact of the upper and lower running contacts or loose wiring.
2.2. The traction torque of the traction machine fluctuates, the torque adjustment is not good when starting, the torque is too small, and the reverse pull occurs, and the torque is too large, which will cause the car to shake.
2.3. The series impedance of the main drag circuit is not adjusted well, and the jitter is abnormal when the slow car is running.
2.4. There is a fault in the tachogenerator, and the feedback is unstable.
2.5. The feedback adjustment of the DC elevator magnetic cabinet is unstable, and there is a phenomenon of zero float.
